13. For the following reaction, use Hess's law to calculate AGʻrxn given the information below. Reaction: CO(g) + C(s) + 1/2 O2(g)
Gºrxn = ?
Given: CO2(g) → C(s) + O2(g)
CO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) + CO2(g)
AGʻrxn = +394.4 kJ
AGºrxn = -257.2 kJ

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Answerthis solution will not form a precipitateexplanationsolubility equilbrium:         pbf₂(s)  ⇄ pb²⁺(aq) + 2 f⁻(aq)the solubility product expression is    (we exclude solids from the equilibrium expression).now suppose we have the trial ion product q, which we can define as    then, we can interpret  q as the product of the concentration of the ions that we have and ksp as the product of the ion concentrations that are needed to form a saturated solution.if q > ksp, then that implies that there will be a surplus of ions that exceed the amount that is required to form a saturated solution. a precipitate will then form (the precipitate continually  forms until the surplus ions are removed and q is decreased to ksp's value).if q = ksp, the saturated solution that forms is barely saturated and the precipitate will be minimal.if q < ksp, then the ion concentration will not be enough to form a saturated solution (so no precipitate).using our information, we calculate the trial ion product:     since q = 2.7  × 10⁻⁸ < ksp =  4  ×  10⁻⁸, a precipitate will not form.

Answer ozone (o3) is made of three atoms of oxygen, it is a molecule;

Remember that rust prevented by placing a sacrificial electrode in electrical contact with the iron. the sacrificial electrode must be composed of a metal that  oxidizes  more easily than iron (that is, it must be below iron in table 18.1).