During which process does an atom gain one or more electrons?
(1) transmutation (3) oxidation
(2) reduction (4) neutralization

answer: atomic mass was originally used to arrange elements on the periodic table, but is no longer used to organize the modern version.

explanation:

originally atomic mass was used to arrange elements on the periodic table from left to right in a row. each column then shows similar properties of elements of a group.

in modern periodic table, the atoms are arranged in increasing atomic number. as atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom which is unique for every atom.  

c. 4.54 x 10–12 j happens to be correct