Electronegativity affects the polarity of the bond between two atoms by determining whether it is a polar bond or not.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an element to attract the electrons that bond it to another element.
When two atoms are chemically bound, and their electronegativities are different, the one with the greatest electronegativity will attract electrons to each other, giving rise to two opposite charges on the bond. In this way a distribution of the electronic density is generated in the covalent bond, where the negative charge density is found in that element that attracts the most shared electrons, this is the one with the greatest electronegativity, leaving a positive polarity on the other side of the bond. Sometimes the difference in electronegativity is significant enough to generate that the electron density concentrated on the side with greater electronegativity attracts the shared electrons very strongly and that the two atoms separate easily. In this way the elements act better as ions than as a molecule. In this way the ionic bond is formed.
Then the polar bonds are established between atoms of different electronegativity, thus generating, as mentioned, a separation between positive and negative charges. The bonds will be more polar the greater the difference in electronegativity between the bound atoms.
On the other hand, the non-polar bond occurs between atoms of the same element or between atoms with very little electronegativity difference.
Electronegativity affects the polarity of the bond between two atoms by determining whether it is a polar bond or not.
