In some pine trees, long needles are dominant over short needles. which of the following statements is true?

1.) a pine tree with long needles must be homozygous dominant

2.) a pine needle with short needles must be heterozygous recessive

3.) a hybrid pine tree will have the same phenotype as a homozygous dominant pine tree

4.) a hybrid pine tree will have the same genotype as a homozygous recessive pine tree

The answer is 3. A hybrid pine tree will have the same phenotype as a homozygous dominant pine tree.

Hybrid is just another name for heterozygous. I'll use an uppercase N for the dominant long needles and a lowercase n for the recessive short needles.

The hybrid pine tree would be Nn while the homozygous dominant pine tree would be NN. Although both trees have different genotypes, or genetic makeups, both have the same phenotype, or physical characteristics, because both would have long needles.

B. a graduated substance