The atomic mass of an element is a. the sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of the element. b. twice the number of protons in one atom of the element. c. a ratio based on the mass of a carbon-12 atom. d. a weighted average of the masses of an element’s isotopes.

The atomic mass of an element is D. a weighted average of the masses of an element’s isotopes.

The sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of the element is the mass number.

A ratio based on the mass of a carbon-12 atom gives the atomic mass in unified atomic mass units (u),

k

explanation:

k

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.