Which of the following solutes will lower the freezing point of water the most?

a) the molecular compound sucrose (c₁₂h₂₂22o₁₁)

b) the iconic compound magnesium sulfate (mgso₄4)

c)the iconic lithium chloride (lici)

d)the iconic compound calcium fluoride(caf₂2)

D) the iconic compound calcium fluoride (CaF₂)

Explanation:

where,

= change in freezing point

i= vant hoff factor

= freezing point constant

m = molality

A) the molecular compound sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

: For non electrolytes like sucrose, vant hoff factor is 1.

B) the iconic compound magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄): For electrolytes, vant hoff factor is equal to the number of ions it produce on dissociation.

   Thus i= 2

C) the iconic lithium chloride (LiCI):

, thus  i=2.

Thus 1% produces most ions and thus lowers the freezing point to maximum.

D) the iconic compound calcium fluoride(CaF₂):

, thus  i=3.

Thus the compound with highest value of i, will depress the freezing point to maximum.

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