1.The trend in successive ionization energies as electrons are removed one at a time from an aluminum atom. Why is there a big jump between IE3 and IE4 ?

2. Why does sulphur have a lower first ionization energy than phosphorus?

3.The second ionization energy of lithium is much greater than that of beryllium. Explain.

4.For strontium, which quantity will be greater, the difference between IE1 and IE2 or
the difference between IE2 and IE1?
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Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.