Why do lawmakers have so much to consider when debating effective energy policies 

Different ways of distributing energy have different short-term and long-term environmental consequences.

Explanation:

Due to the big issue of some energy sources being non-renewable and some being renewable, lawmakers have a lot on their plate. Non-renewable sources of energy are harmful to the environment, but they work the best. Renewable sources of energy cost a lot and work, but they require a lot of effort.

i believe the answer is true.