Calulate the pH of citric acid whose molar concentration 3.62×10^-6 mol. dm^-3​

Which process does not require the presence of a physical substance in order to transfer heat? air in the atmosphere is heated by the ground. this warm air then rises, and cooler air falls. this is an example of what type of process? how is conduction different from radiation?

Some animals that try to adapt to climate changes eventually die due to starvation, as climate change alters the web.

Describe the forces both attractive and repulsive that occur as two atoms move closer together.