Help please i don’t know

Okay, so basically your first question is asking what parts of everything mean so part A is the atomic number and the atomic number, in this case, the atomic number is 8 and atomic numbers are the number of protons so there are 8 protons, Part B. is the symbol which identifies what it is, O=Oxygen, Part C. is the name, oxygen, Part D. is the atomic mass, you usually round it so it would be 16, the number of protons+neutrons is this number so since we know the number of protons is 8, 16-8=8, therefore giving 8 neutrons, The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.

After:

Now using this lovely knowledge, find Carbon and neon :)

what is the volume occupied by 40 grams of argon gas (ar) at standard conditions? what volume, in liters, is occupied by 1.5 x 1023 

atomic number of carbon is 6

electronic configuration of carbon is 1s²2s²2p²

orbital diagram of c is as shown here in the image.