A process is used to chemically link smaller units to form a larger molecule that is made up of repeating units. The properties of the larger molecule are determined by the chemical structure and the order or bonding of the smaller units. The student is explaining elimination. hydrohalogenation. polymerization. substitution.

sodium (na), for example, has one electron in its valence shell. this is an unstable state because that valence shell needs eight electrons to be full. in order to fill its valence shell, find a way to add seven electrons to its valence shell

c is having 4 valence electrons and is bonded to three hydrogens and one sulphur atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to four. as all the valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, there is no lone pair left on carbon.

s is having 6 valence electrons and is bonded to one other sulfur atom and one carbon atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to 2. as only two valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, four electrons are left. therefore, two lone pairs are present on s.