Which of the following has the smallest radius? a) Br

b) Br- ion

c) I

d) I- ion

Bromine atom would have smallest radius.

Explanation:

As we know that on ascending down the group the size of atom increases as a new shell is added on ascending by one step... so Iodine has a greater size than Bromine.

As bromine is a halogen atom, so it's ionisation enthalpy is the most in it's period.. so it cannot loose an electron to form a Br+ cation.. so it forms a Br- anion.. by accepting a. electron, so as 1 electron is added to the shell.. the electrons have increased than the no. of protons, so the size would increase as the protons now have to hold more electrons than before, so attraction would decrease. A second reason can also be mentioned as when an electron is added to an atom, it experiences some repulsion from other electrons in same energy shell, so the size would increase. Screening effect of the mid shell electrons also contribute in increasing the size of atom. So Bromine ion would have a greater size than Bromine atom.

By the same analogy the iodine ion would also have grater size than the iodine atom, it also becomes greater in size than the bromine atom..

THUS THE BROMINE ATOM HAS THE LEAST RANKING WHEN ARRANGED IN DECREASING SIZE OF GIVEN SPECIES!!!

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c. because step up transformer steps up the input voltage i.e increases the input voltage  

the number of turns are greater on the secondary side of step up transformer  

transformer does not handle dc current