1. Fill in the blanks. Example: A nitrogen atom takes on a 3- charge when it forms an anion and becomes nitride. a. A magnesium atom takes on a ___ charge when it forms a(an) ion and becomes . b. A chlorine atom takes on a ___ charge when it forms a(an) ion and becomes . c. An oxygen atom takes on a ___ charge when it forms a(an) ion and becomes . d. A potassium atom takes on a ___ charge when it forms a(an) ion and becomes .

a. +2, cation and magnesium ion .

b. -1,  anion, chloride

c. -2, anion, oxide

d. +1. cation , potassium ion

Explanation:

When an atom accepts an electron negative charge is created on atom and is called as anion.

When atom loses an electron positive charge is created on atom and is called as cation.

Magnesium (Mg) with atomic number of 12 has electronic configuration of 2,8,2 and thus it can lose 2 electrons to form cation and becomes magnesium ion.

Chlorine (Cl) with atomic number of 17 has electronic configuration of 2,8,7 and thus it can gain 1 electron to form anion and becomes chloride.

Oxygen (O) with atomic number of 8 has electronic configuration of 2,6 and thus it can gain 2 electrons to form anion and becomes oxide.

Potassium (K) with atomic number of 19 has electronic configuration of 2,8,8,1 and thus it can lose 1 electron to form cation and becomes potassium ion.

given:

mass of na = 115 g

excess cl2

to determine:

mass of nacl produced

explanation:

given reaction is-

2na(s) + cl2(g) → 2nacl(s)

since cl2 is in excess, na will be the limiting reagent

as per the reaction stoichiometry na: nacl = 1: 1

i.e. moles of na reacted = moles of nacl formed

now, # moles of na = mass of na/atomic mass

                                  = 115 g/23 g.mol-1 = 5 moles

therefore, moles of nacl = 5

molar mass of nacl = 58 g/mol

mass of nacl = 5 moles * 58 g.mol-1 = 290 g

ans: amount of nacl produced = 290 g