Describe the pattern of the Lewis dot structures of the first 18 elements (include periods and groups/families)?

The Lewis dot structures of elements in the same group are the same (except that the name of the element is shown in the structure) while for elements in the same period it increases by one from left to right.

Explanation:

Lewis dot structures are the structures which represent the valence electrons of an atom. The dots in the structure represent electrons in the valence shell of the atom.

Elements in the periodic table are arranged into groups and periods. The groups are the vertical columns whereas the periods are the horizontal rows. The first 18 elements of the periodic table are Hydrogen(H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon(Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorous (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl) and Argon (Ar). They are found within Groups IA to VIIIA, as well as from period 1 to 3 in the periodic table. elements in group IA have one valence electron; elements in group IIA has two, IIIA has three, IVA has four, VA has five, VIIA has six, VIIA has seven, while VIIIA has eight valence electrons.

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons while the valence electrons of elements in the same period increase by one from left to right. Therefore, the Lewis dot structures of elements in the same group are the same (except that the name of the element is shown in the structure) while for elements in the same period it increases by one from left to right.

The Lewis dot structure of the first 18 elements is shown in the attachment below.