Chemistry, 09.02.2021 04:30, ashtonbillups

150.0 mL of oxygen is collected over water at 19.0oC and 100.0 kPa. If the dry volume becomes 100.0 mL and the pressure of the dry gas becomes 105.0 kPa, what will the new temperature be?

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answered: coolkason

The new temperature will be 204.4 K

Explanation:

As the volume increases, the particles (atoms or molecules) of the gas take longer to reach the walls of the container and therefore collide with them less times per unit of time. This means that the pressure will be lower because it represents the frequency of collisions of the gas against the walls. In this way pressure and volume are related, determining Boyle's law which says:

"The volume occupied by a certain gaseous mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure"

Boyle's law is expressed mathematically as:

Pressure * Volume = constant

or P * V = k

Charles's Law consists of the relationship between the volume and the temperature of a certain quantity of ideal gas, which is kept at a constant pressure, by means of a constant of proportionality that is applied directly. For a given sum of gas at a constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases because the temperature is directly related to the energy of the movement of the gas molecules. .

In summary, Charles's law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the ratio between the volume and the temperature will always have the same value:

$\frac{V}{T} =k$

Finally, Gay-Lussac's law can be expressed mathematically as follows:

$\frac{P}{T} =k$

This law indicates that the quotient between pressure and temperature is constant.

This law indicates that, as long as the volume of the container containing the gas is constant, as the temperature increases, the molecules of the gas move faster. Then the number of collisions against the walls increases, that is, the pressure increases. That is, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

Combined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law:

$\frac{P*V}{T} =k$

You want to study two different states, an initial state and a final state. It will happen:

$\frac{P1*V1}{T1} =\frac{P2*V2}{T2}$

In this case:

P1= 100 kPaV1= 150 mLT1= 19 C= 292 K (being 0 C= 273 K)P2= 105 kPaV2= 100 mLT2=?

Replacing:

$\frac{100 kPa*150 mL}{292 K} =\frac{105 kPa*100 mL}{T2}$

Solving:

$T2=105 kPa*100 mL*\frac{292 K}{100 kPa*150 mL}$

T2= 204.4 K

The new temperature will be 204.4 K

answered: Guest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.