What experiments in addition to Miller and Urey's helped scientists?

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What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios

Which process does not require the presence of a physical substance in order to transfer heat? air in the atmosphere is heated by the ground. this warm air then rises, and cooler air falls. this is an example of what type of process? how is conduction different from radiation?

Ineed ! i have no clue how to do this problem.