Which describes the earth as an open system with respect to energy?

Explanation:

Any system within the Earth system is considered an open system. Because energy flows freely into and out of systems, all systems respond to inputs and, as a result, have outputs.

aquifers are bounded above and below by impermeable rock. the driving force of groundwater movement in confined aquifers is pressure, rather than gravity.

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.