Do atoms have the same number of protons as its neutrons? I know that atoms can have different number of electrons compared to protons, but does the number protons and neutrons stay equal?

Pegmatites are igneous rocks in which the individual minerals are very large. typically, the minerals are all light-colored quartz, feldspar and muscovite. if you were given a black and white photograph of a pegmatite in a quarry (where the rock has been blasted and broken), what physical properties could you use to identify those three minerals in this hypothetical photo? describe each mineral and the specific diagnostic properties. be specific.