A solution of nitric acid is formed by dissolving 5.00grams of nitric acid in enough water to make 1.5 liters of solution. c. What was the molarity of this solution?

d. What is the pH of this solution?

Molarity = 0.053 M

pH = 1.276

Given

5 g of HNO₃

1.5 L solution

Required

Molarity

pH

Solution

Molarity shows the number of moles of solute in every 1 liter of solution.

mol HNO₃(MW=63 g/mol) :

= mass : MW

= 5 g : 63 g/mol

= 0.079

Molarity :

=0.079 : 1.5 L

= 0.053 M

pH = -log [H⁺]

For strong acids like HNO₃ :

[H⁺] = a.M

a = valence of acid / amount of H⁺ released  

M = acid concentration.  

HNO₃ ⇒ H⁺ + NO₃⁻⇒ valence 1(amount of H⁺=1)

[H⁺]=1 x 0.053

[H⁺]= 0.053 M

pH= - log 5.3 x 10⁻²

pH = 2 - log 5.3

pH= 1.276

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

i just learnt this recently but i need to look through my notes again