3-2 Calculation of Activity Coefficients Calculate the ionic strength, the activity activity and osmotic pressure at 25°C of 0.01 mol L NaCl solution.
calculations is calculation of so called ionic strength using Equation 13-4)

a saline water is fed to a reverse osmosis unit at flow rate o rotameter connected to reject (retentate) line reads 8 installed in reject and permeate line reads 15.2 milli siemens/cm and 300 micro siemens/com respectively.

water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.