to represent dominant alleles and used to represent recessive alleles.

Explanation:

Mendel used letters to represent dominant and recessive factors. Likewise, geneticists now use letters to represent alleles. Capital letters refer to dominant alleles, and lowercase letters refer to recessive alleles.

because u need two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei to form isotopes.

so since they all have the same shape? i mean maybe because m& m and reeses are both chocolates

every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.