Enzymes are catalysts in reactions. What statements describe functions of enzymes? a. Enzymes are specific in their actions.
b. Once an enzyme binds to a substrate, it cannot be used again.
c. Enzymes lower the energy of activation needed for a reaction
d. Enzymes change the amount of free energy produced
e. Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature.

a. Enzymes are specific in their actions.

c. Enzymes lower the energy of activation needed for a reaction

e. Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature.

What are Enzymes?  

- Enzymes are specific in their actions: Enzymes are substrate-specific, meaning that an enzyme can only act on a substrate it recognizes and binds to.

- Enzymes lower the energy of activation needed for a reaction: Enzymes like other catalyst speed up the rate at which a reaction occurs by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place.

- Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature: As enzymes are proteinous i.e. made of proteins, they can be easily denatured by temperature. Hence, when exposed to high temperature, enzymes can lose its shape and ultimately its function.

Therefore, option a, c and e are correct.

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a. Enzymes are specific in their actions.

c. Enzymes lower the energy of activation needed for a reaction

e. Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature.

Explanation:

Enzymes are proteinous structures that acts as biological catalysts in chemical reactions that occur within a system. Like every other catalyst, which speedens the rate of chemical reactions, enzymes possess certain characteristics that makes them have the catalytic nature. They include:

- Enzymes are specific in their actions: Enzymes are substrate-specific, meaning that an enzyme can only act on a substrate it recognizes and binds to.

- Enzymes lower the energy of activation needed for a reaction: Enzymes like other catalyst speed up the rate at which a reaction occurs by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place.

- Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature: Since enzymes are proteinous i.e made of proteins, they can be easily denatured by temperature. Hence, when exposed to high temperature, enzymes can lose its shape and ultimately its function.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.