What happens to the energy transferred when you have lots of clouds

By contrast, the average surface temperature of the Earth is 59°F (15°C). This heating effect is called the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse warming is enhanced during nights when the sky is overcast. Heat energy from the earth can be trapped by clouds leading to higher temperatures as compared to nights with clear skies.

the atomic mass is the bottom number on the element.

-steel jelly

if you mean hydrogen and oxygen then water is the product