1.100gm of a 55% (M/M) nitric acid solution is to be diluted to 20% (M/M) nitric acid. How many liters of water should be added to the starting solution?

The volume of water to be added is 0.175 liters of water

Explanation:

The given concentration of the nitric acid = 55% (M/M)

The mass of the nitric acid solution = 100 gm

The concentration solution is to diluted to = 20% (M/M)

The 100 g 55%(M/M) nitric acid solution gives 55g nitric acid in 100 g of solution

Therefore, to have 20% (M/M) nitric acid solution with the 55 g nitric acid, we get

Let "x" represent the volume of the resulting solution, we have;

20% of x = 55 g of nitric acid

∴ 20/100 × x = 55 g

x = 55 g × 100/20 =  275 g

The mass of extra water to be added = The mass of the 20%(M/M) solution solution of nitric acid - The current mass of the 55%(M/M) solution of nitric acid

The mass of extra water to be added = 275 g - 100 g = 175 g

Volume = Mass/Density

The density of water ≈ 1 g/ml

∴ The volume of water to be added that gives 175 g of water =  175 g/(1 g/ml) = 175 ml. = 0.175 l

The volume of water to be added = 0.175 liters of water.

screening

explanation:

vanderwaal's forces of attraction are the electrostatic intermolecular forces that exist in a molecule due to the temporary or permanent dipoles that are developed in a molecule. in , the major intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions as the molecule is polar (bent structure). so the vanderwaal's forces of interaction in between molecules are the permanent dipole-dipole interactions that develop due to the dipole that exists in between the polar h - s bond. the positively charged hydrogen atom is attracted towards the negative end of the dipole that is sulfur of the adjacent molecule. therefore, these forces of attraction are relatively stronger than that of london dispersion forces that exist in non polar molecules.