Student carries out a titration to determine the concentration of a solution of nitric acid. She titrates the solution of nitric acid against a standard solution
of sodium hydroxide with a known concentration of 0.0998 mol/dm². She
finds that 21.80 cm of the nitric acid solution is needed to exactly neutralise
25.0 cm of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Calculate the concentration of the nitric acid solution. Give your answer to
three significant figures.
The equation for the neutralisation reaction is
HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O

The concentration of the nitric acid solution is 0.11445 mol/dm³

From the question,

We are to calculate the concentration of the nitric acid solution

The given balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

HNO₃ + NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O

This means 1 mole of HNO₃ is needed to completely neutralize 1 mole of NaOH

Using the formula

Where is the concentration of acid

is the concentration of base

is the volume of acid

is the volume of base

is the mole ratio of acid

is the mole ratio of base

From the given information

From the balanced chemical equation

Putting the parameters into the formula, we get

Then,

∴

Hence, the concentration of the nitric acid solution is 0.11445 mol/dm³

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The concentration of the Nitric acid solution : 0.114 M

Titration is a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution (analyte) by reacting with another solution whose known concentration (usually a standard solution) is called the titrant. Determination of the endpoint/equivalence point of the reaction can use indicators according to the appropriate pH range  

Titrations can be acid-base titration, depositional titration, and redox titration. An acid-base titration is the principle of neutralization of acids and bases  

Reaction

HNO₃ + NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O

Concentration a standard solution  of sodium hydroxide :  0.0998 mol/dm³ , and the volume = 25 cm³

moles NaOH=

From the equation, mol ratio HNO₃ : NaOH = 1 : 1, so mol HNO₃ = mol NaOH=2.495 mlmoles

The volume of HNO₃ = 21.8 cm³, so the concentration :

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