EDTA is a hexaprotic system with the pKa values: pKa1=0.00 , pKa2=1.50 , pKa3=2.00 , pKa4=2.69 , pKa5=6.13 , and pKa6=10.37 . The distribution of the various protonated forms of EDTA will therefore vary with pH. For equilibrium calculations involving metal complexes with EDTA , it is convenient to calculate the fraction of EDTA that is in the completely unprotonated form, Y4− . This fraction is designated Y4− . Calculate Y4− at two pH values.

When svante arrhenius first proposed his acid-base theory, he was a doctoral candidate. his professors thought his ideas were unfounded. within a decade, the arrhenius theory of acid-base was widely accepted and praised within the scientific world. arrhenius defined acids as compounds having ionizable hydrogen and bases as compounds with ionizable a) barium. b) hydronium. c) hydroxide. d) oxygen.

The scheme below is from a series of reactions that are part of a synthesis of vitamin a. answer the following questions with reference to this scheme. (i) what is "reagent a"? (ii) draw a step-by-step mechanism which explains the formation of compound c from compound b (iii) which reagents would you use to form compound e from compounds c and d (reagents b and c)? for each reagent suggested above in (ii) explain the role of the reagent in the reaction to (iv) form compound e. you may wish to do this by drawing a mechanism. 1. addition of reagent a но reagent a 2. н, о" thо oh нон-с compound a. compound b. compound c .ch-оh 1. reagent b "сно 2. reagent c сh oh compound e. compound d.

Consider the reaction: n2(g) + o2(g) ⇄ 2no(g) kc = 0.10 at 2000oc starting with initial concentrations of 0.040 mol/l of n2 and 0.040 mol/l of o2, calculate the equilibrium concentration of no in mol/l how would this be done?