Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom

Explanation:

Bond forming:

   Given species:

             Na - Sodium              Cl - Chlorine

 Na has a valence electron  

 Cl has 7 valence electron

To form a bond of this nature, there must be a transfer of electrons.

 Here, the bond is between a metal and non-metal

The metal is sodium and the non-metal is chlorine;

  Na         →     Na⁺  +   e⁻                                           loss of 1 electron

2,8,1               2,8

                  isoelectronic with Neon

Cl  + e  →   Cl⁻                                                              gain of one electron

               isoelectronic with Argon

  Na⁺  +  Cl⁻   →   Na⁺.Cl⁻

  This bond type is an ionic bond

Sodium and chlorine atoms formed ionic bond with each other.

Sodium atom make ionic bond with chlorine atom by transferring one electron that is present in the outermost shell of sodium atom. The loss of electron from the sodium atom leads to a positive charge on sodium atom and becomes cation while on the other hand, the chlorine atom receives that electron which causes negative charge on chlorine and becomes anion. Both atoms have opposite charges which attract each other and cancel their effect to become a neutral compound.

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1. a)c-14 has two more protons

2. d)they have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and valence electrons; they are all gases at room temperature.

3. c) iron and nickel.