Given these reactions, X(s)+12O2(g)⟶XO(s)Δ=−954.5 kJ/molXCO3(s)⟶XO(s)+CO2(g)Δ=+378.1 kJ/mol X ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) ⟶XO ( s ) Δ H=−954.5 kJ / mol XCO 3 ( s ) ⟶XO ( s ) + CO 2 ( g ) Δ H=+378.1 kJ / mol what is Δ Δ H for this reaction? X(s)+12O2(g)+CO2(g)⟶XCO3(s) X ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) + CO 2 ( g ) ⟶ XCO 3 ( s )

ΔH = -1332,5 kJ/mol

Explanation:

The general equation of the enthalpy of reaction is:

AB + CD → AC + BD

ΔH =( ΔH(AC) + ΔH(BD) ) - (ΔH(AB) + ΔH(CD) )

To simplify the equations, the states of aggregation can be omitted here.

So the first equation is:

X + 12 O2 → XO     | ΔH = -954,5 kJ/mol

The equation of the enthalpy of reaction is thus:

-954,5 kJ/mol = ΔH(XO) - ( ΔH(X) + 12*ΔH(O2) )

Since the enthalpy of reaction of all pure elements is 0, the equation can be simplified:

-954,5 kJ/mol = ΔH(XO) - ( 0 + 12*0 )

ΔH(XO) = -954,5 kJ/mol

The next equation is:

XCO3 → XO + CO2    | ΔH = +378,1 kJ/mol

The equation of the enthalpy of reaction is thus:

+378,1 kJ/mol = ( ΔH(XO) + ΔH(CO2) ) - ΔH(XCO3)

+378,1 kJ/mol = -954,4 kJ/mol + ΔH(CO2) - ΔH(XCO3)

+1332,5 kJ/mol = ΔH(CO2) - ΔH(XCO3)

X + 12 O2 + CO2 → XCO3

The equation of the enthalpy of reaction is thus:

ΔH = ΔH(XCO3) - ΔH(CO2)

ΔH = -1332,5 kJ/mol

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.