Ernest Rutherford was an important early researcher in nuclear physics. In his gold foil experiment he observed that particles with a positive charge deflected when passing through a thin sheet of gold foil. What conclusion did he make in this observation?
ob

The positive part of an atom is small and dense.
Electrons are located outside of the nuclues.
Electrons have a negative charge.
All atoms have protons, neutrons, and electrons.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.