The classification of property rights regime based on the whether the resource is excludable and in nature.

There is no reason to think the results are biased or not conducted properly but you should not assume the results are correct just because they were done in a laboratory so the answer would be c. it is likely to be reliable because the results support the conclusion presented.

The closer the atoms are to becoming ionic the more highly dense the negatively charged side gets.

C, small, hard spheres with insignificant volumes

Its not chemical its not radiation and its not convection because there is not movement of fluids so it is thermal conduction