2.) In a recrystallization process involving sodium benzoate, what is the minimum vol- ume of boiling water needed to dissolve 0.200 g of sodium benzoate? The solubility of sodium benzoate in boiling water is 1 gram per 1.4 mL. About how much sodium benzoate will remain dissolved when the water is cooled to 25°C? The solubility of sodium benzoate at 25°C is 1 gram per 1.8 mL. Calculate the maximum mass of solid sodium benzoate that can be recovered when the cooled solution is filtered.

Minimum volume of water = 0.28 ml

Mass remaining in solution at 25°C = 0.156 g

Maximum mass of sodium benzoate that can be recovered = 0.044 g

Explanation:

solubility of sodium benzoate in boiling water (100°C) = 1 g/1.4 mL

minimum volume of boiling water required to dissolve 0.200 g of sodium benzoate = mass / solubility

minimum volume of water = 0.200 g / (1 g / 1.4 mL)

minimum volume of water = 0.28 ml

Solubility of sodium benzoate at 25°C = 1 g / 1.8 mL

Mass in solution = solubility x volume

Mass in solution = (1 g / 1.8 mL) x 0.28 mL

Mass remaining in solution at 25°C = 0.156 g

Maximum mass of sodium benzoate that can be recovered = 0.200 g -

0.156 g

Maximum mass of sodium benzoate that can be recovered = 0.044 g

hope this

explanation:

covalent bonds

consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms to fixed orientation and requre high energies to break them

ionic bonds

when two atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. this results in a positively charged ion(cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion)

1. a)c-14 has two more protons

2. d)they have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and valence electrons; they are all gases at room temperature.

3. c) iron and nickel.