What are some possible factors that must remain constant during the testing

Brainliesttt me asap! the below reaction can be categorized as more than one type of reaction. which reactions are these, and what are the types of reactions?

Which other elements contain the same number of outer electrons as sodium

Which are examples of how technology has advanced scientific understanding.1using hot water to sterilize medical equipment.2transplanting a human organ into another individual.3inserting genes from one sheep into another cell to make a cloneunderstanding the different structures that make up a cell.4examining microorganisms from the deepest parts of the ocean