Several systems and processes are described below. For each of them, determine whether the system is at steady state, at equilibrium, or neither. Determine also whether any of these adjectives are applicable to the system: isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic, closed, or open. a. An ice cube that has just been dropped into a glass of warm water. b. An aluminum can full of soda that has been fully submerged in ice water for some time. c. The inside of a closed, perfectly insulated cooler that contains ice, water, and cans of soda. d. A closed, reasonably well insulated cooler that contains ice, water, and cans of soda. e. Your body, over the last 24 hours. f. Your body, over the last five years. g. The Atlantic Ocean, over the last 24 hours. h. The Atlantic Ocean, over the last million years.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.