Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze hydrolysis if the amino acid at the hydrolysis site is a D-amino acid. Trypsin, for example, cleaves on the C-side of L-Arg and L-Lys, but not on the C-side of D-Arg and D-Lys. Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze hydrolysis if the amino acid at the hydrolysis site is a D-amino acid. Trypsin, for example, cleaves on the -side of L- and L-, but not on the -side of D- and D-. All the naturally occurring amino acids are D-amino acids, while active centres of serine proteases are nearly all L. All the naturally occurring amino acids are L-amino acids, while active centres of serine proteases are nearly all D. The side chains of D-Arg and D-Lys are not positioned to bind correctly at the active site. None of the above.

D. The side chains of D-Arg and D-Lys are not positioned to bind correctly at the active site

Explanation:

Stereospecificity is the ability to distinguish between stereoisomers of of a particular compound. L- and D- structures of compounds in living organisms are usually present in only one form due to stereospecificity. For example, naturally occuring amino acids in proteins are usually present as L-isomers.

Since enzyme are proteins, their active sites are composed of L-amino acid and they show stereospecificity in the reactions they catalyze. In their binding sites, only substrates complementary in structure can bind in order for catalysis to proceed. Therefore, only amino acids in the L- configuration are complementary to the active site of enzymes.

In the case of serine proteases, The side chains of -Arg and D-Lys will not be positioned properly for binding at the binding site of serine proteases, therefore, no catalysis will occur. On the other hand, L-Arg and L-Lys can bind to the catalytic site of serine proteases since they are complementary fits to the active site of the enzymes.