How does a lone pair distort the molecular shape? O A. The lone pair forces bonding atoms farther from the nucleus.
B. The lone pair makes new bonds, changing the molecule's shape.
O C. The lone pair pushes bonding atoms closer to the nucleus.
O D. The lone pair forces bonding atoms away from itself.
SUBMIT

The lone pair forces bonding atoms away from itself

Explanation:

According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR), the shape of a molecule is determined by repulsions between electron pairs present in the valence shell of the central atom in a molecule.

Remember that electron pairs on the valence shell of the central atom in the molecule tend to position themselves as far apart from each other as possible. A lone pair takes up more space round the central atom than a bond pair. There is greater repulsion between a lone pair and a bond pair, this greater repulsion causes a distortion of molecular shape away from that predicted on the basis of VSEPR.

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).

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