3. The phosphorylation of glycerol is a necessary step in forming the phospholipids that comprise cell membranes. A glycerol + HPO4 2-  glycerol-3-phosphate + H2O ∆G° = +9.2 kJ a. Is this reaction spontaneous or non-spontaneous? How do you know? The reaction converting glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate can be coupled with the conversion of ATP to ADP: B ATP + H2O -> ADP + HPO4 2- + H+ ∆G° = -30.5 kJ b. Under standard conditions, is this reaction spontaneous or non-spontaneous? c. Write one single equation to show the net result of coupling reactions A and B by adding the two reactions together. d. Hence what is the delta G of the coupled reaction under standard conditions? Is it spontaneous?

Suppose that during that icy hot lab 65,000 j of energy were transferred to 450 g of water at 20°c what would have have been the final temperature of the water

Oxidation-reduction reactions (often called "redox" for short) are reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one species to another. oxidation states, or oxidation numbers, allow chemists to keep track of these electron transfers. in general, one element will lose electrons (oxidation), with the result that it will increase in oxidation number, and another element will gain electrons (reduction), thereby decreasing in oxidation number. the species that is oxidized is called the reducing agent or reductant. the species that is reduced is called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. to sum up: oxidation = increase in oxidation state = loss of electrons = reducing agent reduction = decrease in oxidation state = gain of electrons = oxidizing agent part a which element is oxidized in this reaction? fe2o3+3co→2fe+3co2 enter the elemental symbol. view available hint(s) is oxidized part b which element is reduced in this reaction? 2hcl+2kmno4+3h2c2o4→6co2+2mno2+2kcl +4h2o enter the elemental symbol. view available hint(s) is reduced

Which substance has non polar covalent bonds