bonding is similar to ionic bonding, except there are no high-electronegativity atoms present to accept any electrons that the present atoms are willing to donate. Group of answer choices

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

["covalent", "Van der Waals", "ionic", "hydrogen", "metallic"] bonding is similar to ionic bonding, except their are no high-electronegativity atoms present to accept any electrons that the present atoms are willing to donate.

metallic

Explanation:

The metallic bond bears a striking similarity to the ionic bonds only that there are no electronegative elements present to accept electrons in a metallic bond as in an ionic bond.

Most metals usually have a few valence electrons which are loosely bound to the outermost shell of the metal atom. Metallic bonds are usually comprised of metal ions bonded together by a sea of mobile electrons

These mobile electrons exert an attractive force on the positive ions and hold them together in the metallic crystal lattice. This force of attraction that holds the metal atoms together in the metallic crystal lattice is known as the metallic bond.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.