9. Predict the major products formed when: (a) Toluene is sulfonated. (c) Nitrobenzene is brominated. (b) Benzoic acid is nitrated. (d) Isopropylbenzene reacts with acetyl chloride and AlCl3. If the major products would be a mixture of ortho and para isomers, you should so state.

a) ortho-para isomers predominates

b) 3-nitrobenzoic acid ( meta isomer predominates)

c) 3-bromo nitrobenzene ( meta isomer predominates)

d) the ortho- para isomers predominates

Explanation:

a) Toluene contains -CH3 which is an ortho- para- director hence the major product of the sulphonation of toluene should be the ortho- para isomers.

b) The major product of the nitration of benzoic acid is 3-nitrobenzoic acid. This is an electrophilic substitution in which the meta isomer predominates.

c) The meta isomer predominates giving 3-bromo nitrobenzene as the major product.

d) The isopropyl group is an ortho- para director hence the ortho- para isomers predominates .

it is called acid bonding