(a) Show that the pressure exerted by a fluid P (in pascals) is given by P = hdg, where h is the column of the fluid in metres, d is the density in kg/m-3, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2). (Hint: See Appendix 2.). (b) The volume of an air bubble that starts at the bottom of a lake at 5.24C increases by a factor of 6 as it rises to the surface of water where the temperature is 18.73C and the air pressure is 0.973 atm. The density of the lake water is 1.02 g/cm3. Use the equation in (a) to determine the depth of the lake in metres.

B) THE DEPTH OF THE LAKE IS 0.060 m

Explanation:

b) Determine the depth of the lake in metres

1. Using the general gas law, we will calculate the initial pressure of the air bubbles.

P1V1 /T1 = P2V2/T2

P1 = Unknown

T1 = 5.24 °C

T2 = 18.73 °C

P2 = 0.973 atm

V1 = V1

V2 = 6V1

P1 = P2 V2 T1 / V1 T2

P1 = 0.973 * 6V1 * 5.24 / V1 * 18.73

P1 = 5.09852 * 6 / 18.73

P1 = 30.59112 / 18.73

P1 = 1.633 atm.

2. Calculate the depth of the lake:

             Pressure = length * density * acceleration

            length = Pressure / density * acceleration

Pressure = 1.633 atm = 1.633 * 101, 325 Nm^2 = 165, 463.725 Nm^2

Density =  1.02 g/cm3 = 1.02 * 10^3 kg/m^3

Acceleration = 9.8 m/s^2

So therefore, the length in metres is:

Length = density * acceleration / pressure

Length =  1.02 *10^3 * 9.8 / 165, 463.725  

Length = 9.996 * 10^3 / 165 463.725

Length = 0.06 m

Hence, the depth of the lake is 0.06 m

answer: enthalpy

explanation:

for a exothermic reaction, the energy is released i.e. the energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants.

= enthaply

= energy of products

= energy of reactants

as , thus comes out to be negative. negative value of enthalpy shows that the reaction is exothermic.

the volume increases