A student is studying Mendelian genetics. They know the genotype of the parents but want to know what genotypes the offspring might be . When drawing a Punnet square, what do the letters (ex. Ttb) on the top and left side of the boxes represent ?

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Three cards with holes are arranged in a straight line. a light is shined through the first card’s hole and travels through all three cards. what does this tell you about light rays? a) that light is reflected b) that light is refractive c) that light travels in a straight line d) that light does not travel in a straight line

Given the following reaction: c3h8+5o2=3co2+4h20 how many grams of co2 will be produced 7 g of c3h8 and 98 g of o2