In yeast, ethanol is produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions. A cell‑free yeast extract is placed in a solution that contains 325 mmol glucose, 0.35 mmol ADP , 0.35 mmol P i , 0.70 mmol ATP , 0.20 mmol NAD + , and 0.20 mmol NADH . It is kept under anaerobic conditions. What is the maximum amount of ethanol (in millimoles) that could theoretically be produced under these conditions?

650 mmol.

Explanation:

The equation for the fermentation of one mole of glucose is:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 2 NAD⁺ + 2 ADP + 2 P i + 2 NADH → 2 EtOH + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 NAD⁺

Since NAD⁺/NADH is used and regenerated, we can eliminate it from the equation:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 2 ADP + 2 P i  → 2 EtOH + 2 ATP

With the equation, we calculate the maximum amount of ethanol that could be obtained theoretically:

1000 mmol C₆H₁₂O₆ ------------ 2000 mmol EtOH

325 mmol C₆H₁₂O₆ ------------- x= 650 mmol EtOH

Therefore, the maximum amount of ethanol that could be produced is 650 mmol.

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