A chemist titrates 216.8 mL of a 0.3200 M butanoic acid (HC3H7CO2) solution with a 0.3200 M solution of NaOH. The titration setup shows that the butanoic acid solution is in the (Erlenmeyer) flask, and the NaOH solution is in the burette. The pKa of butanoic acid is 4.82. Calculate the pH of the solution in the flask after the chemist has added 231.4 mL of NaOH solution to it.

The pH of the solution in the flask after the chemist has added 231.4 mL of NaOH solution to it is 12.018.

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

      Molarity of NaOH = 0.32 M

      Molarity of = 0.32 M,

     Volume of = 216.8 ml = 0.2168 L   (as 1 L = 1000 mL)

   Volume of NaOH = 231.4 ml = 0.2314 L

Therefore, number of moles of is as follows.

     No. of moles = Molarity × Volume

                           =

                           = 0.069 moles

Now, number of moles of NaOH will be calculated as follows.

      No. of moles = Molarity × Volume

                           =

                           = 0.074 moles

Chemical equation for this reaction is as follows.

Initial:       0.069                    0.074

Change:  -0.069                  -0.069

Equilibm:    0                      0.004672

Total volume will be as follows.

           0.2168 + 0.2314 = 0.4482 L

Here, the concentration of NaOH is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions.

So,   [NaOH] =

                     =

                     = 0.010424 M

We know that,

        pOH =

                 = -log (0.010424)

                 = 1.928

Hence, the pH  will be calculated as follows.

             pH = 14 - pOH

                   = 14 - 1.982

                   = 12.018

Thus, we can conclude that the pH of the solution in the flask after the chemist has added 231.4 mL of NaOH solution to it is 12.018.

in chemistry, adhesion and cohesion are attractive forces that exist between molecules. they hold the molecules together from each other. they are different in that adhesive force exists between molecules of different substance while cohesive force happens between molecules of same substance.

adhesion between water and glass causes water molecules at the edge of water and glass interface to climb up the wall in a narrow glass tube. this is called capillary action. cohesion is what gives glass its shape and causes water to form a droplet.

the correct answer is:

a. formation of precipitation