When a star enters the red giant stage it begins to convert to in its core.
a. hydrogen; helium
b. carbon; helium
c. helium; carbon
d. carbon; iron

The correct answer is Option c.

Explanation:

Red giant stage of the star is known as the dying star which is the last stages of stellar evolution.

When the core of the star runs out of hydrogen, it no longer produce radiation to balance out the weight of the star.  The star will get collapsed, the core will also get contract and hence, the temperature will increase.

When the temperature of the core increases, this temperature is enough for the nuclear fusion of helium to carbon atom by a process known as 'triple-alpha process'.

The equation representing the fusion process follows:

Thus, the correct answer is Option C.

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.