What is not a reason why actual yield is less than theoretical yield?

not a reason? if you ask a reason ,i can say An actual yield is the mass of a product actually obtained from the reaction. It is usually less than the theoretical yield. The reasons for this include:

-->incomplete reactions, in which some of the reactants do not react to form the product

practical losses during the experiment

->side reactions (unwanted reactions that compete with the desired reaction)

->reversible reactions

->impurities in reactants

but you asked for not reason then it can be anything lul, like balanced chemical equation, rate of reaction and etc etc ✌️;)

b. acid is the correct answer @jayxboof all social media

acid : acids are those which accepts an electron-pairs.

base : bases are those which donates ab electron-pairs.

alkali : it is a base that dissolves in water. it is basically a base and the ph greater than 7.

hydroxide ion : it is a poly-atomic ion which is negatively charged.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.