Freon-12, CF2Cl2, which has been widely used in air conditioning systems, is considered a threat to the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Calculate the root-mean-square velocity of Freon-12 molecules in the lower stratosphere where the temperature is –65°C.

Spontaneity tell us the direction of the reaction, but not how fast it goes. gibbs free energy brings together enthalpy, entropy and temperature in one easy formula. g = h - ts. and, finally the sign of delta g is always negative for a spontaneous reaction.

It was ernest rutherford

Well technically there are two correct answers b and d. but for you its probably b in general.good day sir/ma'am : ) (i know not gender)

Answerstudying coal cumbustion as an energy source;