First blank : protons
neutrons
electrons

second blank:

independent of the arrangement of atoms,

dependent on the flow of electrons

caused by the attraction between ions

radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei – that is, ones that don't have enough binding energy to hold

the nucleus together due to an excess of either protons or neutrons.

idk i’m struggling too

1 a

2 d

3 a

4 c

explanation:

c. 4.54 x 10–12 j happens to be correct