A battery is constructed based on the oxidation of magnesium and the reduction of cu2+. the initial concentrations of mg2+ and cu2+ are 1.6×10−4 m and 1.35 m , respectively, in 1.0-liter half-cells. what is the voltage of the battery after delivering 4.26 a for 5.49 h ?

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

Describe the forces both attractive and repulsive that occur as two atoms move closer together.

Helium decays to form lithium. which equation correctly describes this decay?