The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that:

A) the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.
B) the heat content of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.
C) energy is conserved in a spontaneous process.
D) all of these are valid components of the second law.
E) None of these is correct.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.

Explanation:

According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an isolated system there will always be increase in entropy of entire Universe with time.  

As we know that entropy is the degree of disorder present in a substance. This means more randomly the molecules will be moving more will be the entropy of system.

For example, a metal spoon placed in a hot coffee cup. Here, heat will flow from coffee to the metal spoon.

Thus, we can conclude that the second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.