Consider a 4 cation of Manganese. There are electrons accounted for in the noble gas of the shorthand electron configuration. For the outermost electrons, there are electrons in the s orbital and electrons in the d orbitals.

There are 18 electrons accounted for in the noble gas of the shorthand electron configuration. For the outermost electrons, there are 0 electrons in the 4s orbital and 3 electrons in the 3d orbitals.

Explanation:

Electronic configuration represents the total number of electrons that a neutral element contains. We add all the superscripts to know the number of electrons in an atom.

The electrons are filled according to Afbau's rule in order of increasing energies and thus the electronic configuration for Manganese with 25 electrons is :

The nearest noble gas is Argon with 18 electrons.

There are 18 electrons accounted for in the noble gas of the shorthand electron configuration. For the outermost electrons, there are 0 electrons in the 4s orbital and 3 electrons in the 3d orbitals.

answer: the rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature.

increase in temperature, increases the molecular/particles speed (kinetic energy. diffusion means movement of particles through the material.

generally, the heavier the particle the more it interacts with the environment and more the temperature matters. so higher temperature results in higher diffusion.