Chemistry, 30.03.2020 22:52, gghkooo1987

Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.

A NaOH(aq) solution with a pH value of 13 is used to determine the molarity of an HCl(aq) solution. A 10.0-mL sample of the HCl(aq) is exactly neutralized by 16.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH(aq). During this laboratory activity, appropriate safety equipment was used and safety procedures were followed.

Determine the pH value of a solution that has a H+(aq) ion concentration 10 times greater than the original NaOH(aq) solution.

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answered: KennyMckormic

1. c = 0.16 mol·L⁻¹; 2. pH = 12

Explanation:

HCl + NaOH ⟶NaCl + H₂O

1. Concentration of HCl

(a)Moles of NaOH

$\text{Moles of NaOH} = \text{16.0 mL NaOH} \times \dfrac{\text{0.100 mmol NaOH}}{\text{1 mL NaOH}} = \text{1.6 mmol NaOH}$

(b) Moles of HCl

The molar ratio is 1 mol HCl:1 mol NaOH.

$\text{Moles of HCl} = \text{1.6 mmol NaOH} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mmol HCl}}{\text{1 mmol NaOH}} = \text{1.6 mmol HCl}$

$c = \dfrac{\text{moles}}{\text{litres}} = \dfrac{\text{1.6 mmol }}{\text{10 mL}} = \textbf{0.16 mol/L}$

2. Hydronium ion in NaOH solution

In the original solution, pH = 13.

[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻¹³ mol·L⁻¹

At 10 times the concentration of hydronium ion

[H₃O⁺] = 10 × 10⁻¹³ mol·L⁻¹ = 10⁻¹² mol·L⁻¹

pH = -log[H₃O⁺] = -log(10⁻¹²) = 12

The pH decreases by one unit when the hydronium ion increases tenfold.

answered: Guest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

answered: Guest

Ibelieve y y even though i've only taken chemistry for one year

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A NaOH(aq)...